Password rejected in remote desktop connection

Sorry if this sounds like an obvious suggestion, but I've seen this turn out to be the cause of this problem many times in my time working in IT: Have you made absolutely sure that you don't have a typo in the email address / user name?  If the same credentials are working when connecting to that desktop from other systems, and I presume you've already made absolutely certain that you're typing your password correctly, then it could be the username.  For some reason people seem not to check that one as carefully.  If it still doesn't work, as a test try creating a new user account on the desktop (just a local user, not a Microsoft-linked user), add it to the Administrators or Remote Desktop Users group, and see if you can log in using those credentials from your laptop.

You're on the right track.

While I have no way to prove this, I suspect that Microsoft was using 'MicrosoftAccount\{my email address}' as my username. I finally got to Other options and entered my email address and password to get connected.

In some cases, making some changes in the registry might get rid of the error. Therefore, in this step, we will be changing some configurations in the registry. For that:

1. Press “Windows” + “R” to open the registry.
2. Type in “Regedit” and press “Enter”.
3. Navigate to the following address.
4. Click on the “LsaCompatiblityLevel” option.
5. Double-click on the “REG_DWORD” option and change the Value to “1”.
6. Check to see if the issue persists. Now try again to log into your remote virtual desktop.

I hope this might help you.