PowerStore：如何在僅限 SMB 的 NAS 伺服器上啟用 SFTP 無密碼登入

在任何 Linux 伺服器上產生 SSH 金鑰對

[administrator@my-linux-server ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:FGwVwmaboco...GC86v+4pc administrator@my-linux-server
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|     . =+o+o     |
|    . + @o.      |
| o + . O.*       |
|* . = +.B        |
|.= + o =So       |
|o . . o . .      |
|o. o ..          |
|+ +..E           |
|   :)            |
+----[SHA256]-----+

這是您應該在 .ssh 資料夾中看到的內容：

[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]# ls /home/administrator/.ssh/
id_rsa
id_rsa.pub
known_hosts

建立 SMB NAS 伺服器，Windows AD 已加入

例如，NAS 伺服器 nas-sftp01：

不需要 NFS

SFTP 的設定：

• 已啟用 SFTP
• FTP/SFTP 伺服器存取：中小企業使用者
• 主目錄限制：已啟用

「主目錄限制」可讓使用者僅開啟 /Home/ 資料夾，但看不到以上任何內容。如果使用者應有權存取 NAS 伺服器和檔案系統的根目錄，請取消勾選此項目。

建立檔案系統

在上面創建的NAS伺服器下創建檔案系統，並創建SMB共用。
範例檔案系統名稱：nas-sftp-fs01。

啟用 NAS 伺服器 nas-sftp01 的 HomeDir

將 homedir 組態檔案上傳至 NAS 伺服器 > 命名服務 > 本機檔案。

Examples:
mydomain:*:/fs2/<d>/<u>:regex:create
mydomain:usr1:/fs1/usr1
!:tom:/fs1/tom
test:*:/nas-sftp-fs01/<d>/<u>:regex:create

在 Windows AD 上建立使用者

以用戶 測試人員 為例進行演示。
使用使用者 測試人員 從任何 Windows 用戶端 （Windows AD 已加入） 登入，並存取主目錄 \\nas-sftp01\HOME ，以建立使用者 測試人員的主目錄。

前往您在其上建立 SSH 金鑰對的 Linux 伺服器，然後前往儲存金鑰的位置。

您必須將檔案 id_rsa.pub 重新命名為autorized_keys

[administrator@my-linux-server]$ cd /home/administrator/.ssh/
[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]$ pwd
/home/administrator/.ssh

[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]$ ls -la
total 16
drwx------.  2 administrator administrator   57 Mar  4 09:58 .
drwx------. 20 administrator administrator 4096 Jan 23 08:21 ..
-rw-------.  1 administrator administrator 2622 Mar  3 08:19 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--.  1 administrator administrator  582 Mar  3 08:19 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--.  1 administrator administrator  909 Mar  4 08:34 known_hosts

[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]$ mv id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

使用新建立的使用者開啟與 NAS 伺服器的 sftp 連線

建立 .ssh 資料夾，並將新檔案authorized_keys從上述位置移入 .ssh/ 資料夾 （在此範例中為其 /home/administrator/.ssh/）。

[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]$ sftp test\\tester@xx.xx.xx.xx
test\tester@xx.xx.xx.xx's password:
Connected to xx.xx.xx.xx.
sftp>

sftp> mkdir .ssh

sftp> cd .ssh/

sftp> put /home/administrator/.ssh/authorized_keys
Uploading /home/administrator/.ssh/authorized_keys to /.ssh/authorized_keys
/home/administrator/.ssh/authorized_keys                  100%  582   863.0KB/s   00:00
sftp> ls -la
drwxrwxrwx   2 2147483653 2147483653 2147483653            152 Mar  4 10:19 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483653 2147483653 2147483653            152 Mar  4 10:19 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 2147483653 2147483653 2147483653            582 Mar  4 10:19 authorized_keys

在 SFTP 中使用 chmod 設定權限 700 以資料夾 .ssh，將權限 600 設定為檔案 .ssh/authorized_keys

sftp> ls -la
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650           8192 Mar  4 12:30 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650           8192 Mar  4 12:30 ..
drwxrwxrwx   2 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650            152 Mar  4 12:30 .ssh
-rw-r--r--   1 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650              9 Mar  4 12:22 TESTER_HOME_dir.txt

sftp> chmod 700 .ssh/
Changing mode on /.ssh/
sftp> chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
Changing mode on /.ssh/authorized_keys
sftp> ls -la
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650           8192 Mar  4 12:30 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650           8192 Mar  4 12:30 ..
drwx------   2 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650            152 Mar  4 12:30 .ssh
-rw-r--r--   1 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650              9 Mar  4 12:22 TESTER_HOME_dir.txt

sftp> cd .ssh/
sftp> ls -la
drwx------   2 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650            152 Mar  4 12:30 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650           8192 Mar  4 12:30 ..
-rw-------   1 2147483650 2147483650 2147483650            582 Mar  4 12:30 authorized_keys

測試存取權限

您現在應該可以在不提供任何密碼的情況下打開 sftp。
您可以使用 sftp -v 選項顯示登入詳細資料。

[administrator@my-linux-server .ssh]$ sftp -v test\\tester@xx.xx.xx.xx
OpenSSH_8.0p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1k  FIPS 25 Mar 2021
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/05-....conf
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/openssh.config
debug1: configuration requests final Match pass
debug1: re-parsing configuration
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/05-....conf
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/openssh.config
debug1: Connecting to xx.xx.xx.xx [xx.xx.xx.xx] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_xmss type -1
debug1: identity file /home/administrator/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.0
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_8.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_8.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to xx.xx.xx.xx:22 as 'test\\tester'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: aes256-gcm@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: aes256-gcm@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=32 dh_need=32
debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=32 dh_need=32
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:xyc9xUOiKbYg4TEvY8wahgq9ous3ocRTbTWBEmK5wgk
debug1: Host 'xx.xx.xx.xx' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/administrator/.ssh/known_hosts:6
debug1: rekey out after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey in after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_xmss
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,webauthn-sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/administrator/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to xx.xx.xx.xx ([xx.xx.xx.xx]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_IE.UTF-8
debug1: Sending subsystem: sftp
Connected to xx.xx.xx.xx.
sftp> ls
TESTER_HOME_dir.txt