Thank you! We have received the required details. We will work towards a resolution. In the meantime, you may also receive assistance or suggestions from the community members.

Jacob - I am interested in adding a second SSD to my 9510 as well. What brand of SSD did you install? I have used Samsung 980 Pro SSDs in my Dell 5505 with no issues. Installing a second SSD should not be a problem as long as you followed the procedures outlined to the Dell support doc for the 9510. Have you tried removing the SSD you added to see if the system will boot normally? Good luck!

I did not disconnect the battery cable, no. Although it was unplugged and turned off. That may be the culprit.
The battery connector is always a hassle to deal with so on previous laptops i usually didn't bother when it was just an easy SSD installation.
I bought the heat shield seperatly from Amazon after it being recommended for 9510 on Reddit.

It was a Kingston A2000 1TB NVMe M.2. 
Me being a genius did not see the need to hassle with the battery cable as the SSD slot wouldn't receive power while being unplugged and therefore i didn't want to hassle with the connector, as this has never been an issue on previous laptops. May very well be the culprit tho.
Removed the SSD right away, but the laptop still wouldn't boot.

Just curious, was it the Dell thermal shield or did the SSD come with it's own heat sink? Hard to believe you damaged the MB although did you disconnect the battery and the adapter when installing the SSD?

Jacob - You may have indeed caused an issue by not removing the power from the system. The Dell instructions indicate that the power connector should be the first step performed before adding or changing system components. Just a thought - Can you possibly try to enter the BIOS when booting? try pressing F2 when you power the system on maybe you will be able to select the original boot disk to boot from. What error do you get when powering on the laptop?