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April 29th, 2021 02:00
U2720Q, USB Type-C PD protocol and its compatibility?
Hi,
In general,
- Is every USB Type-C PD (Power Delivery) power source (output) safe for every USB Type-C PD load (input) in the sense that no damage to either the source or the load can occur?
- How does the PD protocol work? Does it has several version numbers and are these compatible?
- Does the PD protocol include communication between the load and the power source so that the power source establishes a load current and an operating voltage that is non-damaging to the load?
In particular, for charging the battery of laptop using the monitor, are the following devices compatible?
Dell UltraSharp 27 U2720Q USB Type-C PD output is 20 V/4.5A (90W).
The Thinkpad 490s (20NX) USB Type-C (supports PD) input is 20V/3.25A (65W).
Can the U2720Q force too high load current on the laptop and thereby damage the laptop (i.e. battery or its charging circuit)?
Best wishes,
Sam


jphughan
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April 29th, 2021 06:00
@Michjoe You might want to find some technical articles if you're really curious about USB PD, but at a high level, the USB PD protocol works with the power source starting off at the USB standard of 5V. This way even if you connect a regular USB device that does not support USB PD to a power source that does (such as an old smartphone to a USB PD charger), then the source will only provide the standard 5V that USB has always used. But after that initial connection, the power source will advertise the USB PD voltage levels it supports and the maximum amperage it can provide for each voltage. The device being charged then has the option to request any of those other choices. This design prevents the power source from sending a voltage level that the device being charged can't handle, and also prevents the device being charged from trying to draw more amperage than the source is designed to provide (voltage is controlled by the power source, amperage draw is controlled by the device being charged, at least up to any throttling limits the power source might have).
USB PD is currently at USB PD 3.0, but yes the versions are compatible with each other. In some cases if you have a power source that only supports an older USB PD version and a device that can use features of newer versions if available, that device might not charge as quickly if it can't use those new features. The Programmable Power Supply (PPS) capability is one example of this. And there have been other improvements too. For example, there are USB-C multi-purpose hubs that can either draw power from the laptop or provide power to the laptop through a USB PD power passthrough port. Earlier in the USB PD standard, if the power source of that device changed between the laptop and an external power source, then the hub basically had to reboot. So if you had USB devices like external hard drives connected through the hub, that would cause them to briefly drop offline, which could be a problem. Newer USB PD standards don't require this behavior anymore.
Yes, you can charge a T490s from a U2720Q.
Michjoe
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April 29th, 2021 13:00
Thanks a lot for an excellent explanation on how the protocol works. It was fun to learn more about the protocol!