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文章編號: 000211907

一般程序：如何使用 OpenSSL 和 Keytool 命令檢查、驗證和轉換 SSL 憑證

摘要: 如何使用 OpenSSL 和 keytool 命令檢查、驗證和轉換憑證。

本文可能採用自動翻譯。如果您對翻譯品質有任何寶貴意見，請使用此頁面底部的表單告訴我們，謝謝。

文章內容

說明

如何顯示憑證的內容：

  • 在 OpenSSL 中顯示憑證內容的命令：
$ openssl x509 -in <cert_file_name> -noout -text
範例輸出： 
$ openssl x509 -in sin1091.cer -noout -text
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            dd:a5:5c:60:f9:b7:16:9e
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: CN=CA, DC=vsphere, DC=local, C=US, ST=California, O=sin1090, OU=VMware
        Validity
            Not Before: May 24 10:29:00 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 19 12:22:39 2027 GMT
        Subject: CN=sin1091.eu.degussanet.com, C=US
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:c3:24:d9:23:08:32:ca:0e:f9:60:58:f0:8b:04:
                    6e:db:73:b1:83:a1:73:44:09:30:d7:64:6e:2f:26:
                    e5:87:fd:b9:f3:e6:10:78:32:f5:7c:8b:7f:c1:06:
                    d5:d1:42:d3:d8:e0:d0:84:91:c8:1c:4e:7e:2b:af:
                    65:36:5e:87:b0:43:4c:fa:ae:ca:c3:23:2d:75:15:
                    6a:d5:5f:66:6b:40:f6:c5:48:7a:8d:e5:f1:dd:4e:
                    aa:eb:89:65:8a:7e:69:eb:35:4f:75:56:88:24:48:
                    c7:9b:19:fb:39:43:ee:8a:bb:f5:1a:9b:b5:a3:47:
                    b1:60:ee:9a:72:f6:7b:d0:1f:ed:73:64:5f:e9:60:
                    75:64:03:25:a3:41:38:6d:06:22:dc:22:70:ae:9d:
                    b5:f8:26:7a:8e:d6:05:b1:97:67:89:ac:2c:b3:83:
                    8b:31:33:a8:7e:30:58:2c:10:42:ef:b6:05:98:ca:
                    6c:01:c9:47:9e:01:6e:be:c6:bc:cd:9f:e8:bc:8f:
                    94:70:f1:21:af:ae:b4:fd:76:db:a7:88:fc:e5:d7:
                    ea:08:eb:58:b9:41:37:af:7b:ec:f8:a1:b0:09:a7:
                    b9:b7:18:5b:a7:8e:b9:2f:b0:71:2a:3d:46:8b:c6:
                    4a:23:43:d9:21:94:2e:0e:e9:40:07:61:22:2e:b4:
                    08:27
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
                DNS:sin1091.eu.degussanet.com
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                D7:4D:DB:D4:00:3A:45:A8:4E:5E:9A:60:DB:C0:94:EA:C0:94:75:DC
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:5F:81:58:14:37:20:61:1D:BC:47:F2:97:AF:39:45:F0:A5:A9:19:F4

    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         99:9c:b1:e5:b2:9d:b1:ef:65:8f:3b:de:87:16:01:6e:bb:a2:
         37:cc:13:28:a2:a1:0b:88:04:c8:85:d0:34:19:d0:3d:41:e4:
         d3:6f:54:6f:ce:0d:25:a5:f1:c4:8e:cd:e3:e4:ca:92:1f:67:
         3a:bd:27:21:59:37:67:a6:71:53:a4:ab:e5:d4:2c:a4:8f:a4:
         f3:c9:de:6f:5f:f5:80:38:3f:9e:87:24:c7:dc:9e:d3:45:93:
         a1:4e:31:db:20:df:84:86:06:c8:39:21:9d:04:57:1f:a2:17:
         9b:e4:c7:77:61:73:9b:fe:b2:ac:66:ad:14:50:3a:82:65:10:
         3d:bc:15:0b:08:60:79:c1:d1:55:28:25:a4:9b:95:ae:c3:52:
         31:66:e9:a3:08:57:4c:ff:5a:ac:5e:09:6c:89:5b:cc:43:ad:
         0a:e5:dd:b7:8a:6a:be:e7:52:e9:cf:c9:4a:38:77:05:4c:00:
         ca:22:2e:e8:8d:a2:37:da:38:bc:5e:ce:2d:aa:5d:44:c8:58:
         cb:7e:a4:be:fb:0b:b3:b4:88:66:ed:8b:ac:41:b8:8d:8b:48:
         e5:1a:8e:45:ba:be:42:a3:39:07:85:f5:09:91:c3:38:d5:bf:
         73:3d:ba:6c:5c:cf:bc:4b:f9:3e:7b:9c:a6:bb:2b:10:c4:87:
         76:35:f1:0d
  • 顯示使用 keytool 儲存在金鑰存放區的憑證或金鑰對的命令。PrivateKeyEntry 表示同時儲存私密金鑰和憑證鏈項目。TrustedCertEntry 表示它僅儲存受信任的憑證和憑證鏈結項目： 
$ keytool -list -v -in <keystore_file_name> 
範例輸出
* * * *
  
Alias name: vcenter_ca
Creation date: Mar 31, 2023
Entry type: trustedCertEntry

Owner: CN=vc.x400.sh, OU=Dell EMC, O=Dell EMC, L=Shanghai, ST=Shanghai, C=CN
Issuer: CN=vc.x400.sh, OU=Dell EMC, O=Dell EMC, L=Shanghai, ST=Shanghai, C=CN
Serial number: 840f560790ff8a93
Valid from: Fri Mar 31 18:51:25 CST 2023 until: Sat Mar 30 18:51:25 CST 2024
Certificate fingerprints:
         SHA1: 69:F4:39:70:C8:A4:EC:64:C1:46:04:81:44:A1:30:3C:A9:71:12:D0
         SHA256: 6C:D7:62:58:BE:AC:A3:D7:25:84:1F:65:93:23:4C:35:5F:25:B6:D2:A0:67:A1:FD:8C:A9:62:3A:D9:0E:24:D3
Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 3072-bit RSA key
Version: 3
* * *
 
 

如何顯示憑證指紋或拇指指紋：

  • 預設在 OpenSSL 中顯示憑證指紋的命令是 OpenSSL 中的 sha1 指紋。與其他憑證進行比較時，請確保使用相同的哈希演演演算法：
$ openssl x509 -in <certificate file> -noout -fingerprint [-sha1 or -sha256 or -sha512]

範例輸出：

$ openssl x509 -in server.pem -noout -fingerprint
SHA1 Fingerprint=DD:48:AE:B1:D5:7D:DF:B9:A4:B3:A9:4A:C4:CF:76:6C:C1:CE:3A:C9
  • 預設在 keytool 中顯示憑證指紋的命令為 sha256：
$ keytool -list -keystore <keystore file> 

範例輸出：

$ keytool -list -keystore mykeystore.p12 -storepass Idpa_1234
Keystore type: PKCS12
Keystore provider: JsafeJCE

Your keystore contains 3 entries

website, Mar 31, 2023, trustedCertEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): E8:16:50:4E:9A:F1:48:7F:8E:12:8B:C2:51:DD:45:7B:26:0D:5F:81:49:17:77:3F:35:6F:B2:8E:2B:A0:12:42
tomcat, Mar 31, 2023, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): CD:CD:9B:3A:9A:78:CF:3C:B8:5A:21:AF:9B:BF:4B:3F:1B:7F:91:D0:38:6B:FF:14:23:FB:8E:46:AE:90:9D:E0
vcenter_ca, Mar 31, 2023, trustedCertEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): 6C:D7:62:58:BE:AC:A3:D7:25:84:1F:65:93:23:4C:35:5F:25:B6:D2:A0:67:A1:FD:8C:A9:62:3A:D9:0E:24:D3

如何在不同格式之間轉換憑證和私密金鑰：

（在 教程教師  此超連結會帶您前往 Dell Technologies 以外的網站。中瞭解不同的SSL證書格式）
  • 將憑證格式從 DER 轉換為 PEM：
$ openssl x509 -in <certificate file in DER format> -inform DER -out <certificate file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證格式從 PKCS7 轉換為 PEM
$ openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in <certificate file in PKCS7 format> -inform DER -out <certificate file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證和私密金鑰格式從 PKCS12 轉換為 PEM。
（第一個命令是擷取 PEM 格式的憑證檔案，第二個命令是擷取 PEM 格式的私密金鑰檔案。） 
$ openssl pkcs12 -in <certificate file in PKCS12 format> -name <alias name> -nokeys -out <certificate file in PEM format>

$ openssl pkcs12 -in <certificate file in PKCS12 format> -name <alias name> -nodes -nocerts -out <private key file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證或私密金鑰對檔案從 PEM 轉換為 PKCS12 金鑰存放區
（在此範例中，PEM 憑證檔案為 server.crt、私密金鑰檔案server.key、金鑰存放區別名設定為「mykeypair」，而 pkcs12 金鑰存放區檔案為 mykeystore.p12） 
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in <certificate file in PEM format> -inkey <private key file in PEM format> -name <alias name> -out <keystore file in PKCS12 format>
 

如何使用 OpenSSL 在 HTTPS 交握中驗證憑證

  • 使用下列其中一個命令驗證憑證：
$ openssl s_client -CApath <path_to_certs> -connect <VC_FQDN>:443 -showcerts
Or
$ openssl s_client -CApath <path_to_certs> -host <VC_FQDN> -port:443 -showcerts
成功的範例輸出 （此命令可能需要一段時間才能完成執行）： 
$ openssl s_client -CApath /tmp/certs/ -connect 10.10.10.100:443 -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000104)
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
   i:/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
issuer=/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1412 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: 70FD868AA56807820DDAC23C2FAB3F2C1A5C683426F2924AEE8D9B52EBCD3F256EC4892D281F90F0F32A2A1C7DD0FB01
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1500280372
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
depth=1 CN = CA, DC = vsphere, DC = local, C = US, ST = California, O = psc18.externalvc.com, OU = VMware
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify return:1
read:errno=0
失敗的範例輸出： 
$ openssl s_client -CApath /tmp/certs/ -host 10.62.91.64 -port 443 -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000124)
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
   i:/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
issuer=/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1412 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: 85731E71188EF310D68C658099C62C11374845CAF00A0AF90F8B35118171C7D0002A76380AB2B4574C720DB178FA3297
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1500281143
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
---
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate
verify return:1
read:errno=0
 

如何離線驗證 vCenter 憑證

如果您無法連線至 vCenter 及線上驗證，我們可以從網頁瀏覽器匯出 vCenter 憑證，並儲存至檔案進行驗證。
  1. 將檔案從 DER 轉換為 PEM 格式。
  2. 使用下列命令進行驗證：
$openssl verify -CApath <path_to_certs> <certificate_file>
 
注意：此命令僅接受 PEM 格式的憑證檔案做為目標。
 

如何使用 OpenSSL 驗證私密或公鑰對

  • 計算私密金鑰模數雜湊值：
$ openssl rsa -modulus -noout -in <private key file> | openssl md5
  • 計算憑證模數雜湊值：
$ openssl x509 -modulus -noout -in <certificate file> | openssl md5


如果兩個哈希字串相同，則表示密鑰對匹配。否則，它不是有效的密鑰對。

範例輸出：

openssl rsa -modulus -noout -in server.key | openssl md5
(stdin)= b69cd7fc0b07ffef0a577e1e325ab015

openssl x509 -modulus -noout -in server.crt | openssl md5
(stdin)= b69cd7fc0b07ffef0a577e1e325ab015

文章屬性

受影響的產品

Data Protection

產品

Converged Infrastructure, Data Center Infrastructure, Desktops & All-in-Ones, Gateways & Embedded PCs, Electronics & Accessories, Laptops, Networking, Security, Servers, Software, Solutions, Storage, Tablets, Thin Clients, Workstations

上次發佈日期

10 4月 2023

版本

3

文章類型

How To

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