The laptop and the other devices access the information on the SD card uniquely so very often cards will fail in one area and not the other. I can't be 100% sure on what part of the card is failing but I have experienced this problem with various devices not allowing you to use a SD card to its full functionality.

My theory is that the 'lock' switch becomes faulty and the software that reads it on the laptop begins to have conflicts with the card and the firmware on the other devices read it differently allowing them to function without issues. I have even had this issue with SD cards that do not have the built in lock switch. Sometimes the firmware on the card goes bad, this isn't a common occurrence but the older firmware is the more likely it will start to decay, as in data decay. The firmware in these little bugger's is very small and mostly unnoticeable but is what allows it to be universally functional along multiple platforms.

If this problem doesn't exist on another SD card, then it has simply gone bad.