You have a mini PCIe wifi card - not the now common NGFF/M.2 form factor, so those new cards won't fit (they're all M.2/NGFF).

There are cards you can use -- but they must be mini PCI e.

One example (use as a guide if you're looking for more than just Wifi features).

https://www.amazon.com/Intel-7260-HMWG-R-Wireless-AC-Network-adapter/dp/B00MV3N7UO

And just to add a personal note. I used the 7260 in one of our Latitude laptops and it was a definite improvement. And the price is very low for the value you receive.