PowerEdge：故障診斷實用的「NVIDIA-SMI」查詢

Summary: 本文顯示針對 NVIDIA GPU 卡故障排除的實用「NVIDIA-SMI」查詢。

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Instructions

VBIOS 版本

查詢各裝置的 VBIOS 版本：

$ nvidia-smi --query-gpu=gpu_name,gpu_bus_id,vbios_version --format=csv

name, pci.bus_id, vbios_version
GRID K2, 0000:87:00.0, 80.04.D4.00.07
GRID K2, 0000:88:00.0, 80.04.D4.00.08

 

Query Description
timestamp The timestamp of where the query was made in format "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS.msec".
gpu_name The official product name of the GPU. 
This is an alphanumeric string. For all products.
gpu_bus_id PCI bus id as "domain:bus:device.function", in hex.
vbios_version The BIOS of the GPU board.

查詢主機端紀錄記錄的 GPU 指標

此查詢適用於監視虛擬機監控程式端 GPU 指標。

此查詢適用於 ESXi 和 XenServer：

$ nvidia-smi --query-gpu=timestamp,name,pci.bus_id,driver_version,pstate,pcie.link.gen.max,
pcie.link.gen.current,temperature.gpu,utilization.gpu,utilization.memory,
memory.total,memory.free,memory.used --format=csv -l 5
向查詢添加其他參數時，請確保在查詢選項之間不添加空格。
Query Description
timestamp The timestamp of where the query was made in format "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS.msec".
name The official product name of the GPU. 
This is an alphanumeric string. For all products.
pci.bus_id PCI bus id as "domain:bus:device.function", in hex.
driver_version The version of the installed NVIDIA display driver. 
This is an alphanumeric string.
pstate The current performance state for the GPU. States range from P0 (maximum performance) to P12 (minimum performance).
pcie.link.gen.max The maximum PCI-E link generation possible with this GPU and system configuration. 
For example, if the GPU supports a higher PCIe generation than the system supports then this reports the system PCIe generation.
pcie.link.gen.current The current PCI-E link generation. These may be reduced when the GPU is not in use.
temperature.gpu Core GPU temperature. in degrees C.

utilization.gpu

Percent of time over the past sample period during which one or more kernels was executing on the GPU.
The sample period may be between 1 second and 1/6 second depending on the product.

utilization.memory

Percent of time over the past sample period during which global (device) memory was being read or written.
The sample period may be between 1 second and 1/6 second depending on the product.

memory.total

 Total installed GPU memory.

memory.free

 Total free memory.

memory.used

 Total memory allocated by active contexts.

可以通過頒發以下命令來獲取查詢參數的完整清單： nvidia-smi --help-query-gpu

nvidia-smi 記錄的用途

短期記錄

新增選項「-f <filename>」以將輸出重新導向至檔案。

前置”timeout -t <seconds>」以執行查詢 <seconds> 並停止記錄。

確保查詢粒度的大小適合所需的用途：

 

Purpose nvidia-smi "-l" value interval timeout "-t" value Duration
Fine-grain GPU behavior 5 5 seconds 600 10 minutes
General GPU behavior 60 1 minute 3600 1 hour
Broad GPU behavior 3600 1 hour 86400 24 hours

 

長期紀錄

創建 shell 文稿以自動建立紀錄檔，並將時間戳數據添加到檔名和查詢參數。

新增自訂 cron 作業到 /var/spool/cron/crontabs 按所需的時間間隔調用腳本。

用於時鐘和電源的其他低電平命令

啟用「持續」模式。

以下任何時鐘和電源設置都會在程式運行之間重置，除非為驅動程式啟用持久模式 （PM）。

還有 nvidia-smi 如果啟用了 PM 模式，命令執行速度會更快。

nvidia-smi -pm 1 - 使時鐘、電源和其他設置在程式運行和驅動程式調用中保持不變。

時鐘

Command Detail
nvidia-smi -ac <MEM clock, Graphics clock>   View clocks supported
nvidia-smi –q –d SUPPORTED_CLOCKS Set one of supported clocks
nvidia-smi -q –d CLOCK View current clock
nvidia-smi --auto-boost-default=ENABLED -i 0    Enable boosting GPU clocks (K80 and later)
nvidia-smi --rac                                                             Reset clocks back to base

電源

nvidia-smi –pl N  Set power cap (maximum wattage the GPU will use)
nvidia-smi -pm 1 Enable persistence mode
nvidia-smi stats -i <device#> -d pwrDraw Command that provides continuous monitoring of detail stats such as power
nvidia-smi --query-gpu=index, timestamp,power.draw,clocks.sm,clocks.mem,clocks.gr --format=csv -l 1 Continuously provide time stamped power and clock

其他有用的命令 

命令 說明
nvidia-smi -q Query all the GPUs seen by the driver and display all readable attributes for a GPU.
nvidia-smi Displays current GPU status, driver information and host of other statistics.
nvidia-smi -l Scrolls the output of nvidia-smi continuously until stopped. 
nvidia-smi --query gpu=index,timestamp,power.draw,clocks.sm,clocks.mem,clocks.gr --format=csv Continuously provides time stamped power and clock information.
nvidia-smi --query-gpu=gpu_name,gpu_bus_id,vbios_version --format=csv Query the VBIOS version of each GPU in a system.
lspci -n | grep 10de Determines if the GPU is in compute mode or graphics mode.
nvidia-smi nvlink -s -i<device#> Displays NVLink state for a specific GPU.
gpuswitchmode --listgpumodes Displays the capability of GRID 2.0 cards and switching between compute and graphics. The package is not in the normal CUDA or NVIDIA driver.
nvidia-smi -h Displays the smi commands and syntax form.
nvidia-bug-report.sh Pulls out a bug report which is sent to Level 3 support technician/NVIDIA.
nvidia-smi --query-retired-pages=gpu_uuid,retired_pages.address,retired_page.cause --format=csv Pulls out retired pages, GPU UUID, page fault address and the cause of page fault.
nvidia-smi stats Displays device statistics.
nvcc --version Shows installed CUDA version.
nvidia-smi pmon Displays process statistics in scrolling format.
nvidia-smi nvlink -c -i<device#> Displays NVLink capabilities for a specific GPU.
gpuswitchmode --gpumode graphics Changes the personality of the GPU to graphics from compute (M6 and M60 GPUs).
gpuswitchmode --gpumode compute Changes the personality of the GPU to compute from graphics (M6 and M60 GPUs).

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Article Number: 000190243
Article Type: How To
Τελευταία τροποποίηση: 22 Ιουλ 2025
Version:  3
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