Adding Larger SDD to Precision 5680

Yes, the drive in your new Precision 5680 is an NVMe SSD with M-key.  And, the linked enclosure does support both SATA and NVMe M-key.

However, if you intend to move two 2TB drives from your desktop to the new laptop, they must be NVMe SSD with 2230  or 2280 form factor.

"However, if you intend to move two 2TB drives from your desktop to the new laptop, they must be NVMe SSD with 2230  or 2280 form factor."

No I am not moving them over I am CLONING the one drive without the OS and copying the other one--most of the "C" drive on my desktop is on Onedrive so not a lot to copy. 

So what I plan to do is use the external enclosure to clone the 256GB to a larger drive I put in the other slot on the 5680.  I'll need to figure out some other way to clone the other 2TB drive from the 2.5 SSD to the M.2

@Chino de Oro​ Yes actually you are correct I forgot I can clone directly, LOL.  So I have no M.2 slot on the PC MOBO but I do have an open PCIEx16 slot open.  So I could use the linked PCIE card.  

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CT4SJSPK/

Actually this one is only $9.  Does it make any difference if it does not have all of the connectors on the bottom? I am guessing it doesn't. 

https://www.amazon.com/GLOTRENDS-Adapter-Aluminum-Heatsink-PA09_HS/dp/B07FN3YZ8P

I still don't quite understand the full picture of your plan.  While I don't want to ask too many questions, I can explain and suggest proper use of devices and processes.  But, the best option will be up to you to decide.  Your usage and intend to make use of the new gadget, enclosure, adapter to take full advantage of your investment, no matter how small.

If you need to move OS from small boot drive to a larger drive, use cloning to have exact copy partitions from smaller drive to larger drive.  Then using option from cloning software to expand the main partition, drive C, to expand it to become a larger, full drive capacity as the intended purpose.  Most popular and easy to use is Macrium Reflect free edition.

If you just need to get a copy of data off the desktop, there are several methods.  Basic copying using external drive, enclosure, drive dock, whichever already available to you.  Download from cloud backup such as one drive or google drive (if you have one).  If you don't have external device or adapter, see the options below and decide which gadgets will give you better usage in the future as well.

For SATA HDD/SSD, you can use a (dual) drive dock with USB 3 performance.  After use, the dock will be served SATA external drive with swappable capability.

For M.2 SSD, use the enclosure from earlier link and it will serve as a portable USB drive to hold the smaller capacity NVMe SSD.

The linked Glotrends adapter can be used if you intend to take advantage of the NVMe SSD speed as a storage in your desktop or as a boot drive if your desktop is capable of PCIe boot.  This adapter is designed to be installed on a PCIe x4 slot (can also be used on a PCIe x16 slot), the same bus lane connection of a standard PCIe x4 NVMe SSD. 

I hope all these additional information can give you more ideas and thoughts to better your storage plan.

Your dual dock drive goes to several different choices.  I think AOKO-M-2-SATA-Adapter-Converter is the correct/best one.

So I installed two, 2 Western Digital 2TB SSDs.  Put the first one in the empty slot then cloned that with Macrium and moved it to drive 1.  Then took the other drive and installed that in my desktop using a PCIe card that cost $9.  Cloned the second drive from my desktop then installed that in the second slot in the 5680.  I had no issues.

Great to hear everything worked out for you.

Yes I am pleased with it ALTHOUGH I was disappointed the memory is not upgradable.  I bought for a good price (Dell Refurbished on Ebay through a reputable seller as I always do) expecting to upgrade the SSDs.  It has 16GB ram which should be fine I use it for business--mostly MS Office stuff but I figured I'd be able to upgrade if I chose to and learned the RAM is soldered to the board.   One of the reasons I've bought Dells for the last 20 years is because of how easy they are to upgrade and repair.  Had I known that I probably would have opted for 32 GB just to be future ready.  

Yeah, for those LPDDR5 with over 6000 MT/s, Dell could have designed it better and allow users access for upgrade.  Proprietorship designs and firmware controlled in Dell system are nothing new.  Putting some research into the device prior to making the purchase may help with the disappointments.

Resolution, if memory capacity is very important to you, take advantage of the return option from some sellers and select a system that will work better for you.