Download and install the Intel (motherboard) Chipset Drivers from the Dell downloads.  A corrupted chipset driver could be the problem and at least worth a try.

https://www.dell.com/support/home/us/en/19/product-support/product/optiplex-7010/drivers

Intel chipset driver from link says:-

"Description: This package provides the Intel Chipset Driver and is supported on Precision M6700/M4700/T1650, OptiPlex 9010/7010/990 and Latitude E5530/E5430 that are running the following Windows Operating Systems: XP, Vista and Windows 7.

I have Windows 10, is it still OK to download? I did choose Widows 10 /64 from drop down box.

I take it it will just overwrite existing driver but is there any risk of damaging the OS? Thanks

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@redkite89 wrote:

This is a refurbished PC recently purchased from Amazon. 
Not had any response yet from the company that sold it. 

It was sold with a clean install of Windows 10.

 

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Good troubleshooting so far, but buying "used computers" is always a dice-roll .  :Crying:

Many INTEL chipset/ME/VPRO drivers will be required before the USB3 ports work.

Application	Supported OS	Download
Intel(R) Management Engine Components Installer - vPro This package provides Intel(R) Management Engine Components Installer Application (for vPro systems) and is supported on Tablet, Latitude, OptiPlex and Precision that are running following Windows operating systems: Windows 32/64 bit.More details	WB32A WB64A WT32A WT64A

Description	Supported OS	Download
Intel Management Engine Components Installer This package provides the driver for the Intel(R) Management Engine Components Installer installs Intel(R) Management Engine Interface Driver, Intel(R) Management & Security Status software, LMS service etc. and is supported on the Dell Optiplex, Latitude, Precision, XPS models running the following Windows operating systems: Windows 7 32/64bit, Windows 8.1 64bit, Windows 10 64bit, Windows Server 2K16, Windows Server 2K12 R2, Windows Server 2K8. Note: This driver is required to install in addition to chipset driver.More details	WT64A Windows 7 32-bit Windows 7 64-bit WB64A

Intel USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller Driver This package contains the Intel USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller driver for Dell OptiPlex, Precision, and Latitude systems that run the Windows operating system. This update fixes the issue where certain USB monitors and camera devices stop working.More details

1.0.10.255

11/17/2016

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@speedstep wrote:

Many INTEL chipset/ME/VPRO drivers will be required before the USB3 ports work.

Correct. 

However, according to the screen-shot  ; nothing relevant in Device Manager is in error (unless something in "System Devices" is).

And just to cover all the bases, make sure all the USB ports are enabled in the BIOS.

That happened to me with a unit from Dell Refurbished - everything seemed fine and the drivers loaded, but the BIOS had them disabled.

I realize this is probably not the problem here, but it is a used machine, similar to mine.

Looked in BIOS and USB3 is enabled, no errors flagged in System Devices. Not installed the Chipset Driver as no mention of Windows 10 in description, just XP, Vista and 7.

The following link says order of loading drivers is important, so possibly this may be my problem. 

https://www.dell.com/community/Desktops-General-Read-Only/OptiPlex-9010-USB-3-0-not-working/td-p/4558508

Don't want to mess about with PC too much as it belongs to an elderly relative.

Sorry for delay in responding but been away for a few days.

There is always the possibility that the USB 3 ports/chip is defective at the hardware level - I have a laptop like that, where the USB 3.0 ports died (still give power but no data) and no longer ID my USB drives or peripherals. USB 2.0 is fine and I use that for mouse + thumb drives now. 

I do not think it's a failure of the USB ports. I have 2 Optiplex 7010 sff that work well on Windows 7 but do not work on Windows 10.

i guess you mean a keyboard fails on any USB 3 port or a mouse fails.. no USB devices  stated. of 1000s possible. ( if the keyboard fails then the port is dead or wrong drivers. (do a full power reset on the PC,?) 0volts.

any port on any PC can latch up, so we power reset it,  this cure dead ports if truly Hardware is failing.

ESD events to that, by design. (self preservation)

that is the job of intel chipset Q77,  and is fully sported with MS OS.  for sure,

type chipset here. (see those )

https://www.dell.com/support/home/us/en/04/product-support/product/optiplex-7010/drivers

Q77, this is what is there,. 

Q77 btw runs on w10 64bit no issues, infact back to Q41 , q31 and omg 945G P4 651.

if you fresh load W10 with ethernet wired to your router, it hits the deck running.

(even as test  to a spare SSD works)

or booting to linux demo media, see USB WORK see that keyboard on USB3 work. it will. if does your driver are mangled. on w10,