PowerEdge：如何使用 OpenSSL 和 Keytool 命令檢查、驗證和轉換 SSL 憑證

Summary: 如何使用 OpenSSL 和 Keytool 檢查、驗證和轉換 SSL 憑證。本文包含 PEM、DER、PKCS12 和憑證指紋檢查的命令。

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Instructions

如何顯示憑證的內容：

  • 在 OpenSSL 中顯示憑證內容的命令：
$ openssl x509 -in <cert_file_name> -noout -text
範例輸出： 
$ openssl x509 -in sin1091.cer -noout -text
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            dd:a5:5c:60:f9:b7:16:9e
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: CN=CA, DC=vsphere, DC=local, C=US, ST=California, O=sin1090, OU=VMware
        Validity
            Not Before: May 24 10:29:00 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 19 12:22:39 2027 GMT
        Subject: CN=sin1091.eu.degussanet.com, C=US
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:c3:24:d9:23:08:32:ca:0e:f9:60:58:f0:8b:04:
                    6e:db:73:b1:83:a1:73:44:09:30:d7:64:6e:2f:26:
                    e5:87:fd:b9:f3:e6:10:78:32:f5:7c:8b:7f:c1:06:
                    d5:d1:42:d3:d8:e0:d0:84:91:c8:1c:4e:7e:2b:af:
                    65:36:5e:87:b0:43:4c:fa:ae:ca:c3:23:2d:75:15:
                    6a:d5:5f:66:6b:40:f6:c5:48:7a:8d:e5:f1:dd:4e:
                    aa:eb:89:65:8a:7e:69:eb:35:4f:75:56:88:24:48:
                    c7:9b:19:fb:39:43:ee:8a:bb:f5:1a:9b:b5:a3:47:
                    b1:60:ee:9a:72:f6:7b:d0:1f:ed:73:64:5f:e9:60:
                    75:64:03:25:a3:41:38:6d:06:22:dc:22:70:ae:9d:
                    b5:f8:26:7a:8e:d6:05:b1:97:67:89:ac:2c:b3:83:
                    8b:31:33:a8:7e:30:58:2c:10:42:ef:b6:05:98:ca:
                    6c:01:c9:47:9e:01:6e:be:c6:bc:cd:9f:e8:bc:8f:
                    94:70:f1:21:af:ae:b4:fd:76:db:a7:88:fc:e5:d7:
                    ea:08:eb:58:b9:41:37:af:7b:ec:f8:a1:b0:09:a7:
                    b9:b7:18:5b:a7:8e:b9:2f:b0:71:2a:3d:46:8b:c6:
                    4a:23:43:d9:21:94:2e:0e:e9:40:07:61:22:2e:b4:
                    08:27
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
                DNS:sin1091.eu.degussanet.com
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                D7:4D:DB:D4:00:3A:45:A8:4E:5E:9A:60:DB:C0:94:EA:C0:94:75:DC
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:5F:81:58:14:37:20:61:1D:BC:47:F2:97:AF:39:45:F0:A5:A9:19:F4

    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         99:9c:b1:e5:b2:9d:b1:ef:65:8f:3b:de:87:16:01:6e:bb:a2:
         37:cc:13:28:a2:a1:0b:88:04:c8:85:d0:34:19:d0:3d:41:e4:
         d3:6f:54:6f:ce:0d:25:a5:f1:c4:8e:cd:e3:e4:ca:92:1f:67:
         3a:bd:27:21:59:37:67:a6:71:53:a4:ab:e5:d4:2c:a4:8f:a4:
         f3:c9:de:6f:5f:f5:80:38:3f:9e:87:24:c7:dc:9e:d3:45:93:
         a1:4e:31:db:20:df:84:86:06:c8:39:21:9d:04:57:1f:a2:17:
         9b:e4:c7:77:61:73:9b:fe:b2:ac:66:ad:14:50:3a:82:65:10:
         3d:bc:15:0b:08:60:79:c1:d1:55:28:25:a4:9b:95:ae:c3:52:
         31:66:e9:a3:08:57:4c:ff:5a:ac:5e:09:6c:89:5b:cc:43:ad:
         0a:e5:dd:b7:8a:6a:be:e7:52:e9:cf:c9:4a:38:77:05:4c:00:
         ca:22:2e:e8:8d:a2:37:da:38:bc:5e:ce:2d:aa:5d:44:c8:58:
         cb:7e:a4:be:fb:0b:b3:b4:88:66:ed:8b:ac:41:b8:8d:8b:48:
         e5:1a:8e:45:ba:be:42:a3:39:07:85:f5:09:91:c3:38:d5:bf:
         73:3d:ba:6c:5c:cf:bc:4b:f9:3e:7b:9c:a6:bb:2b:10:c4:87:
         76:35:f1:0d
  • 顯示使用 keytool 儲存在金鑰存放區的憑證或金鑰對的命令。PrivateKeyEntry 表示同時儲存私密金鑰和憑證鏈項目。TrustedCertEntry 表示它僅儲存受信任的憑證和憑證鏈結項目： 
$ keytool -list -v -in <keystore_file_name>
範例輸出
* * *
  
Alias name: vcenter_ca
Creation date: Mar 31, 2023
Entry type: trustedCertEntry

Owner: CN=vc.x400.sh, OU=Dell EMC, O=Dell EMC, L=Shanghai, ST=Shanghai, C=CN
Issuer: CN=vc.x400.sh, OU=Dell EMC, O=Dell EMC, L=Shanghai, ST=Shanghai, C=CN
Serial number: 840f560790ff8a93
Valid from: Fri Mar 31 18:51:25 CST 2023 until: Sat Mar 30 18:51:25 CST 2024
Certificate fingerprints:
         SHA1: 69:F4:39:70:C8:A4:EC:64:C1:46:04:81:44:A1:30:3C:A9:71:12:D0
         SHA256: 6C:D7:62:58:BE:AC:A3:D7:25:84:1F:65:93:23:4C:35:5F:25:B6:D2:A0:67:A1:FD:8C:A9:62:3A:D9:0E:24:D3
Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 3072-bit RSA key
Version: 3
* * *
 

如何顯示憑證指紋或拇指指紋：

  • 預設在 OpenSSL 中顯示憑證指紋的命令是 OpenSSL 中的 sha1 指紋。與其他憑證進行比較時，請確保使用相同的哈希演演演算法：
$ openssl x509 -in <certificate file> -noout -fingerprint [-sha1 or -sha256 or -sha512]

範例輸出：

$ openssl x509 -in server.pem -noout -fingerprint
SHA1 Fingerprint=DD:48:AE:B1:D5:7D:DF:B9:A4:B3:A9:4A:C4:CF:76:6C:C1:CE:3A:C9
  • 預設在 keytool 中顯示憑證指紋的命令為 sha256：
$ keytool -list -keystore <keystore file> 

範例輸出：

$ keytool -list -keystore mykeystore.p12 -storepass Idpa_1234
Keystore type: PKCS12
Keystore provider: JsafeJCE

Your keystore contains 3 entries

website, Mar 31, 2023, trustedCertEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): E8:16:50:4E:9A:F1:48:7F:8E:12:8B:C2:51:DD:45:7B:26:0D:5F:81:49:17:77:3F:35:6F:B2:8E:2B:A0:12:42
tomcat, Mar 31, 2023, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): CD:CD:9B:3A:9A:78:CF:3C:B8:5A:21:AF:9B:BF:4B:3F:1B:7F:91:D0:38:6B:FF:14:23:FB:8E:46:AE:90:9D:E0
vcenter_ca, Mar 31, 2023, trustedCertEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA-256): 6C:D7:62:58:BE:AC:A3:D7:25:84:1F:65:93:23:4C:35:5F:25:B6:D2:A0:67:A1:FD:8C:A9:62:3A:D9:0E:24:D3

如何在不同格式之間轉換憑證和私密金鑰：

  • 將憑證格式從 DER 轉換為 PEM：
$ openssl x509 -in <certificate file in DER format> -inform DER -out <certificate file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證格式從 PKCS7 轉換為 PEM
$ openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in <certificate file in PKCS7 format> -inform DER -out <certificate file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證和私密金鑰格式從 PKCS12 轉換為 PEM。
（第一個命令是擷取 PEM 格式的憑證檔案，第二個命令是擷取 PEM 格式的私密金鑰檔案。） 
$ openssl pkcs12 -in <certificate file in PKCS12 format> -name <alias name> -nokeys -out <certificate file in PEM format>

$ openssl pkcs12 -in <certificate file in PKCS12 format> -name <alias name> -nodes -nocerts -out <private key file in PEM format>
  • 將憑證或私密金鑰對檔案從 PEM 轉換為 PKCS12 金鑰存放區
（在此範例中，PEM 憑證檔案為 server.crt，server.key私密金鑰檔案，金鑰存放區別名設定為」mykeypair》，而 PKCS12 金鑰存放區檔案為 mykeystore.p12） 
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in <certificate file in PEM format> -inkey <private key file in PEM format> -name <alias name> -out <keystore file in PKCS12 format>

如何使用 OpenSSL 在 HTTPS 交握中驗證憑證。

  • 使用下列其中一個命令驗證憑證：
$ openssl s_client -CApath <path_to_certs> -connect <VC_FQDN>:443 -showcerts
Or
$ openssl s_client -CApath <path_to_certs> -host <VC_FQDN> -port:443 -showcerts
成功的範例輸出 （此命令可能需要一段時間才能完成執行）： 
$ openssl s_client -CApath /tmp/certs/ -connect 10.10.10.100:443 -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000104)
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
   i:/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
issuer=/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1412 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: 70FD868AA56807820DDAC23C2FAB3F2C1A5C683426F2924AEE8D9B52EBCD3F256EC4892D281F90F0F32A2A1C7DD0FB01
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1500280372
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
depth=1 CN = CA, DC = vsphere, DC = local, C = US, ST = California, O = psc18.externalvc.com, OU = VMware
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify return:1
read:errno=0
失敗的範例輸出： 
$ openssl s_client -CApath /tmp/certs/ -host 10.62.91.64 -port 443 -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000124)
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
   i:/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=vc18.externalvc.com/C=US
issuer=/CN=CA/DC=vsphere/DC=local/C=US/ST=California/O=psc18.externalvc.com/OU=VMware
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1412 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: 85731E71188EF310D68C658099C62C11374845CAF00A0AF90F8B35118171C7D0002A76380AB2B4574C720DB178FA3297
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1500281143
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
---
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = vc18.externalvc.com, C = US
verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate
verify return:1
read:errno=0

如何離線驗證 vCenter 憑證：

如果您無法連線至 vCenter 及線上驗證，您可以從網頁瀏覽器匯出 vCenter 憑證，並將其儲存至檔案以進行驗證。

  1. 將檔案從 DER 轉換為 PEM 格式。
  2. 使用下列命令進行驗證：
$openssl verify -CApath <path_to_certs> <certificate_file>

 

注意：此命令僅接受 PEM 格式的憑證檔案做為目標。


如何使用 OpenSSL 驗證私密或公鑰對：

  • 計算私密金鑰模數哈希值：
$ openssl rsa -modulus -noout -in <private key file> | openssl md5
  • 計算憑證模數雜湊值：
$ openssl x509 -modulus -noout -in <certificate file> | openssl md5

如果兩個哈希字串相同，則表示密鑰對匹配。否則，它不是有效的密鑰對。

範例輸出：

openssl rsa -modulus -noout -in server.key | openssl md5
(stdin)= b69cd7fc0b07ffef0a577e1e325ab015

openssl x509 -modulus -noout -in server.crt | openssl md5
(stdin)= b69cd7fc0b07ffef0a577e1e325ab015

Additional Information

其他資訊：

  • 在 教程教師此超連結會帶您前往 Dell Technologies 以外的網站。中瞭解不同的 SSL 證書格式。
  • 如何使用 testssl 命令。
Testssl 是一個免費的命令行工具，用於檢查任何埠上的伺服器服務是否支援 TLS/SSL 密碼、協定以及最近的加密缺陷等。如需更多資訊，請前往測試 TLS/SSL 加密此超連結會帶您前往 Dell Technologies 以外的網站。。

Affected Products

Microsoft Windows Server 2016, Microsoft Windows Server 2019, Microsoft Windows Server 2022, Microsoft Windows Server 2025, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 9, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 8 , SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15, Ubuntu Server LTS, VMware ESXi 7.x, VMware ESXi 8.x ...

Products

Converged Infrastructure, Data Center Infrastructure, Desktops & All-in-Ones, Gateways & Embedded PCs, Electronics & Accessories, Laptops, Networking, Security, Servers, Software, Solutions, Storage, Tablets, Thin Clients, Workstations
Article Properties
Article Number: 000211907
Article Type: How To
Last Modified: 18 7月 2025
Version:  7
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