PowerEdge：為什麼硬碟會故障
Summary: 本文詳細說明硬碟可能故障的不同原因。
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目錄
韌體損毀和韌體區域損壞
當硬碟的韌體損毀或無法讀取時，電腦通常無法與硬碟正確互動
電子故障
電子故障通常與硬碟控制器板上的問題有關。伺服器可能遭受電源尖峰或電子突波，導致硬碟的控制器板損壞，使控制器 BIOS 偵測不到。
機械故障
機械故障通常會 (特別是如果未及早採取行動) 導致部分、有時甚至全部資料丟失。機械故障有多種形式，例如讀/寫頭故障和馬達問題。最常見的機械故障之一是磁頭損壞。磁頭損毀的嚴重程度各有不同，當硬碟的讀/寫頭瞬間或持續與硬碟的碟盤接觸時，就會發生磁頭損毀。
磁頭損毀的原因有很多，包括物理衝擊 (例如磁碟掉在地上)、移動電腦、靜電、電源突波和機械讀/寫磁頭故障。
邏輯故障
邏輯錯誤通常是最簡單和最難處理的問題，其範圍可以從簡單的情況 (例如檔案配置表的無效條目)，到真正可怕的問題 (例如磁碟機嚴重破碎，檔案系統損毀和遺失)。
邏輯錯誤與上述電氣和機械問題不同，因為磁碟通常沒有「實體」問題，而是其中的資訊位元有問題。
媒體錯誤
損壞磁區是硬碟無法讀取的區域。所有硬碟機最終都會產生損壞的磁區，損壞的磁區會被硬碟機標記，並且不會再使用，但如果您的資料所在的磁區成為損壞的磁區，您就無法正確存取資料或檔案。惡劣的作業環境 (例如高溫、震動等) 會導致硬碟迅速產生許多損壞的磁區。每種類型的硬碟都容易「自然」發生損壞磁區，但情況並不總是如此。
SCSI/SAS 環境
SCSI 硬碟通常被視為高效能磁碟機。它們的旋轉速度比 IDE/SATA 同類產品快，因此資料傳輸速度通常更快。所以 SCSI 磁碟機通常位於必須提供大量資料輸出的伺服器中。不過，這種效能往往是有代價的，因為這些磁碟機更容易發生機械故障。
在此環境中，多個磁碟故障的最常見原因是 SCSI 匯流排的訊號品質不佳。訊號品質不佳會造成 SCSI 通訊協定的額外負載，因為它會嘗試從這些問題 (逾時和匯流排重設) 中恢復。隨著系統變得更加繁忙和對資料的需求增加，SCSI 通訊協定的糾正措施也會增加，SCSI 匯流排變得接近飽和。此額外負載最終會限制正常裝置通訊頻寬，如果未清除，一或多個 SCSI 裝置可能無法及時回應 RAID 控制器，導致 RAID 控制器將硬碟機標記為離線。這些類型的訊號問題可能是由於 PCI 插槽的 RAID 控制器安裝不當、纜線連接不良、磁碟與 SCSI 底板的接合不良、底板子卡安裝或就位不正確，以及 SCSI 匯流排端接不正確引起的。
也有可能發生這些故障類型的組合。
所有技術人員和客戶都應閱讀並瞭解維護最佳實務，以最大化延長正常執行時間，並協助防止因硬碟故障而導致資料丟失。
Affected Products
OEMR R240, OEMR R250, OEMR XE R250, OEMR R260, OEMR XE R260, OEMR R340, OEMR R350, OEMR XE R350, OEMR R360, OEMR XE R360, OEMR R440, PowerEdge XR2, OEMR R450, OEMR R540, OEMR R550, OEMR R5500, OEMR R640, OEMR XL R640, OEMR R6415, OEMR R650
, OEMR R650xs, OEMR R6515, OEMR R6525, OEMR R660, OEMR XL R660, OEMR R660xs, OEMR R6615, OEMR R6625, OEMR R740, OEMR XL R740, OEMR R740xd, OEMR XL R740xd, OEMR R740xd2, OEMR R7415, OEMR R7425, OEMR R750, OEMR R750xa, OEMR R750xs, OEMR R7515, OEMR R7525, OEMR R760, OEMR R760xa, OEMR R760XD2, OEMR XL R760, OEMR R760xs, OEMR R7615, OEMR R7625, OEMR R840, OEMR R860, OEMR R940, OEMR R940xa, OEMR R960, OEMR T140, OEMR T150, OEMR T340, OEMR T350, OEMR T360, OEMR T440, OEMR T550, OEMR T560, OEMR T640, OEMR XL T640, OEMR XL R240, OEMR XL R340, OEMR XL R660xs, OEMR XL R6615, OEMR XL R6625, OEMR XL R760xs, OEMR XL R7615, OEMR XL R7625, OEMR XR11, OEMR XR12, OEMR XR5610, OEMR XR7620, Poweredge C4140, PowerEdge C6420, PowerEdge C6520, PowerEdge C6525, PowerEdge C6615, PowerEdge C6620, PowerEdge FC640, PowerEdge HS5610, PowerEdge HS5620, PowerEdge M640, PowerEdge M640 (for PE VRTX), PowerEdge MX740C, PowerEdge MX750c, PowerEdge MX760c, PowerEdge MX840C, PowerEdge R240, PowerEdge R250, PowerEdge R260, PowerEdge R340, PowerEdge R350, PowerEdge R360, PowerEdge R440, PowerEdge R450, PowerEdge R540, PowerEdge R550, PowerEdge R640, PowerEdge R6415, PowerEdge R650, PowerEdge R650xs, PowerEdge R6515, PowerEdge R6525, PowerEdge R660, PowerEdge R660xs, PowerEdge R6615, PowerEdge R6625, PowerEdge R740, PowerEdge R740XD, PowerEdge R740XD2, PowerEdge R7415, PowerEdge R7425, PowerEdge R750, PowerEdge R750XA, PowerEdge R750xs, PowerEdge R7515, PowerEdge R7525, PowerEdge R760, PowerEdge R760XA, PowerEdge R760xd2, PowerEdge R760xs, PowerEdge R7615, PowerEdge R7625, PowerEdge R840, PowerEdge R860, PowerEdge R940, PowerEdge R940xa, PowerEdge R960, PowerEdge T140, PowerEdge T150, PowerEdge T160, PowerEdge T340, PowerEdge T350, PowerEdge T360, PowerEdge T440, PowerEdge T550, PowerEdge T560, PowerEdge T640, PowerEdge XE2420, PowerEdge XE7100, PowerEdge XE7420, PowerEdge XE7440, PowerEdge XE8545, PowerEdge XE8640, PowerEdge XE9640, PowerEdge XE9680, PowerEdge XR11, PowerEdge XR12, PowerEdge XR5610, PowerEdge XR7620, PowerFlex appliance R650, PowerFlex appliance R6525, PowerFlex appliance R660, PowerFlex appliance R6625, Powerflex appliance R750, PowerFlex appliance R760, PowerFlex appliance R7625, PowerFlex custom node, PowerFlex custom node R650, PowerFlex custom node R6525, PowerFlex custom node R660, PowerFlex custom node R6625, PowerFlex custom node R750, PowerFlex custom node R760, PowerFlex custom node R7625, PowerFlex custom node R860, PowerFlex appliance R640, PowerFlex appliance R740XD, PowerFlex appliance R7525, PowerFlex appliance R840
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Article Properties
Article Number: 000064317
Article Type: How To
Last Modified: 23 Jan 2025
Version: 4
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