Introducción a la configuración de GRE en Dell Networking OS10
Summary: La encapsulación de enrutamiento genérico (GRE) es un protocolo de encapsulación de IP que se utiliza para establecer una conexión virtual de punto a punto entre dos enrutadores a través de una red. Se utiliza comúnmente para tunelizar protocolos de enrutamiento como RIP y OSPF entre diferentes sitios. GRE se describe en Solicitud de comentarios (RFC 2784. ...
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Instructions
Temas clave cubiertos
Configuración de túneles GRE:
- Los túneles GRE se configuran entre dos routers para enviar y recibir paquetes GRE directamente.
- La configuración implica configurar interfaces de túnel, especificando el modo de túnel, el origen y el destino.
Restricciones y limitaciones:
- Se admite un máximo de 100 túneles
- IPv6 no es compatible con las rutas de subcapa y superposición.
- Ciertas interfaces y direcciones IP tienen restricciones cuando se utilizan con túneles GRE.
Configuración de Tunnel Keepalive:
- Configuración de los ajustes de keepalive para monitorear la accesibilidad del terminal del túnel mediante paquetes de eco y respuesta del protocolo de mensajes de control de Internet (ICMP).
Superposición y subcapa de múltiples rutas de igual costo (ECMP):
- Uso compartido de carga ECMP para distribuir el tráfico entre las rutas disponibles
- Combinaciones compatibles para rutas ECMP superpuestas y subyacentes.
Comandos y ejemplos:
- Sintaxis detallada de comandos y ejemplos para configurar túneles GRE, ajustes de keepalive y rutas ECMP
Posibles problemas con una configuración incorrecta
Aleteo de túnel:
- La configuración incorrecta de keepalive puede hacer que el túnel suba y baje con frecuencia, lo que provoca inestabilidad.
Discrepancia de MTU:
- Los túneles GRE a través de rutas con diferentes configuraciones de MTU pueden causar fragmentación o pérdida de paquetes.
Bucles de enrutamiento:
- El enrutamiento mal configurado puede provocar bucles, lo que provoca tráfico excesivo y posibles interrupciones de la red.
Mejores prácticas
Configuración coherente de MTU:
- Asegúrese de que los ajustes de MTU sean coherentes en todo el túnel GRE para evitar la fragmentación.
Configuración adecuada de keepalive:
- Configure los ajustes de keepalive para monitorear el estado del túnel y evitar oscilaciones innecesarias.
Borrar documentación:
- Mantenga una documentación clara de las configuraciones de túnel y las rutas asociadas para evitar configuraciones incorrectas.
Casos de uso de túneles GRE.
Conexión de sitios remotos:
- Los túneles GRE pueden conectar sitios remotos a través de Internet, lo que permite una comunicación segura y eficiente.
Tunelicización del tráfico no IP:
- GRE puede encapsular el tráfico no IP, lo que lo hace versátil para varios protocolos de red.
Equilibrio de carga:
- El uso de ECMP con túneles GRE puede distribuir la carga de tráfico a través de múltiples rutas, lo que mejora el rendimiento de la red.
Ejemplo de topología de red
Imagine una red con dos sitios remotos, el sitio A y el sitio B, conectados a través de Internet. Cada sitio tiene un enrutador con un túnel GRE configurado entre ellos.
La topología se vería así:
Sitio A (10.10.10.0/24) ---- OS10-1 ---- Internet ---- OS10-2 ---- Sitio B (10.20.10.0/24)
OS10(config)# interface tunnel 10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:55:16.614662+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IFM_ASTATE_UP: Interface admin state up :tunnel10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip vrf forwarding red % Error: Interface tunnel10, Tunnel mode is mandatory config and must exist for other tunnel configs. OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# mode gre-ipv4 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip vrf forwarding red OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip address 120.1.1.1/24 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:55:31.454972+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IP_ADDRESS_ADD: IP Address add is successful. IP 120.1.1.1/24 in VRF:red added successfully OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# tunnel destination 16.16.16.16 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# tunnel source loopback10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:56:17.197783+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IFM_OSTATE_UP: Interface operational state is up :tunnel10
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# show configuration ! interface tunnel10 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip vrf forwarding red ip address 120.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 10.10.10.10 tunnel source loopback10 keepalive down-timer 10 keepalive enable keepalive probe-interval 6 keepalive up-timer 12
| Rutas ECMP subyacentes | Superposición de rutas ECMP | Soportado |
|---|---|---|
| Estático | Estático | Sí |
| Estático | OSPF | Sí |
| Estático | BGP | Sí |
| OSPF | Estático | Sí |
| OSPF | OSPF | No |
| OSPF | BGP | Sí |
| BGP | Estático | Sí |
| BGP | OSPF | Sí |
| BGP | BGP | No |
OS10(config)# hardware overlay-ecmp-profile mode balanced-overlay-ecmp OS10(config)# <165>1 2022-10-11T10:25:26.474891+00:00 AG1-9978 dn_alm 717 - - Node.1- Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %VXLAN_OVERLAY_ECMP_PROFILE_MODIFIED: VxLAN Overlay ECMP: Configuration is modified, Save and Reload the device for the profile to be effect
OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 21 ! interface tunnel21 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.2/24 tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 tunnel source loopback3 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 22 ! interface tunnel22 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.3/24 tunnel destination 6.6.6.6 tunnel source loopback4 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 23 ! interface tunnel23 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.4/24 tunnel destination 7.7.7.7 tunnel source loopback5 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 24 ! interface tunnel24 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.5/24 tunnel destination 8.8.8.8 tunnel source loopback6 OS10# show running-configuration route ! ip route 77.1.1.0/24 100.1.1.2 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.2 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.3 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.4 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.5 OS10# show ip route 10.1.1.0/24 Routing entry for 77.1.1.0/24 Known via static Distance 1, Metric 0 Last update 08:57:53 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 100.1.1.2 tunnel10 via 10.10.10.2 tunnel21 via 10.10.10.3 tunnel22 via 10.10.10.4 tunnel23 via 10.10.10.5 tunnel24
OS10# show ip route 67.67.67.0/24 Routing entry for 67.67.67.0/24 Known via ospf, type Distance 110, Metric 21 Last update 09:35:46 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 10.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:1 via 12.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:2 via 23.2.2.2 vlan2 via 23.2.3.2 vlan3 via 23.2.4.2 vlan4 via 23.2.5.2 vlan5 via 23.2.6.2 vlan6 via 23.2.7.2 vlan7 via 23.2.8.2 vlan8 via 23.2.9.2 vlan9 OS10# show ip route 68.68.68.0/24 Routing entry for 68.68.68.0/24 Known via ospf, type Distance 110, Metric 21 Last update 09:36:35 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 10.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:1 via 12.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:2 via 23.2.2.2 vlan2 via 23.2.3.2 vlan3 via 23.2.4.2 vlan4 via 23.2.5.2 vlan5 via 23.2.6.2 vlan6 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 2 ! interface vlan2 no shutdown ip address 23.2.2.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 3 ! interface vlan3 no shutdown ip address 23.2.3.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 4 ! interface vlan4 no shutdown ip address 23.2.4.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 21 ! interface tunnel21 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 131.131.131.1/24 tunnel destination 67.67.67.67 tunnel source loopback3 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 22 ! interface tunnel22 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 132.132.132.1/24 tunnel destination 68.68.68.68 tunnel source loopback4
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Ejemplo
OS10# clear counters interface tunnel 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(config)# interface tunnel 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-40)# ip address 10.1.1.1/24
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf)# ip route 1.1.1.0/24 interface tunnel 10 OS10(conf)# ip route 2.2.2.0/24 3.3.3.3 interface tunnel 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-4)# ip vrf forwarding Vrf_red
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive down-timer 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive enable
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive probe-interval 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive up-timer 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# mode gre-ipv4
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-40)# tunnel destination 10.10.10.10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-4)# tunnel source vlan 10
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Ejemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# tunnel ttl 220
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Ejemplo
OS10# show interface tunnel 10 Tunnel 10 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Tunnel Tunnel mode GREv4 Tunnel source IP 2.2.2.2, Tunnel source Intf loopback1 Tunnel destination 7.7.7.7 Tunnel TTL 255 Tunnel keepalive enabled Keepalive probe interval 10, Up timer 5, Down timer 5 Interface index is 45 Internet address is 10.1.1.1/24 Mode of IPv4 Address Assignment: MANUAL Interface IPv6 oper status: Enabled ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout: 60 Last clearing of "show interface" counters: 00:11:22 Queuing strategy: fifo Input statistics: 0 packets, octets Output statistics: 0 packets, octets Time since last interface status change: 00:27:11
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Ejemplo
OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel ! interface tunnel10 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 100.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 3.3.3.3 tunnel source 1.1.1.1 ! interface tunnel20 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 101.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 tunnel source 6.6.6.6 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 10 ! interface tunnel10 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 100.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 3.3.3.3 tunnel source 1.1.1.1
Ejemplo
OS10# show tunnel Name Mode Source-IP Destination-IP SrcIntf TTL VRF Status Protocol ================================================================================================= Tunnel 1 GREv4 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6 Loopback 2 255 default up up Tunnel 2 GREv4 2.2.2.2 7.7.7.7 Loopback 123 255 default up up Tunnel 3 GREv4 3.3.3.3 8.8.8.8 Loopback 100 255 default up up OS10# show tunnel 10 Name Mode Source-IP Destination-IP SrcIntf TTL VRF Status Protocol ================================================================================================= Tunnel 10 GREv4 1.1.1.1 7.6.6.6 Loopback 2 255 default up up
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Ejemplo
OS10# show ip int gig 1/3 GigabitEthernet 1/3 is up, line protocol is down Internet address is 10.11.0.1/24 Broadcast address is 10.11.0.255 Address determined by user input IP MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
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Ejemplo
OS10# show ip route Codes: C - connected S - static B - BGP, IN - internal BGP, EX - external BGP, EV - EVPN BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, * - candidate default, + - summary route, > - non-active route Gateway of last resort is not set Destination Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change -------------------------------------------------------------------- C 1.1.1.0/24 via 1.1.1.1 ethernet1/1/1:1 0/0 01:32:53 C 10.1.1.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 loopback1 0/0 00:00:06 C 2.2.2.0/24 via 2.1.1.1.1 Tunnel 1 0/0 00:00:15 OS10# show ip route static Codes: C - connected S - static B - BGP, IN - internal BGP, EX - external BGP, EV - EVPN BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, * - candidate default, + - summary route, > - non-active route Gateway of last resort is not set Destination Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C 1.1.1.0/24 via 1.1.1.1 ethernet1/1/1:1 0/0 01:32:53 C 10.1.1.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 loopback1 0/0 00:00:06 S 80.1.10.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 tunnel10 1/0 00:02:33
OS10# show ip ospf interface tunnel 10 tunnel10 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 100.1.1.1/24, Area 0.0.0.0 Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type broadcast, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1 (local), Interface address 100.1.1.1 Backup Designated router (ID) , Interface address 0.0.0.0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 OS10# show ip ospf 1 interface tunnel 10 tunnel10 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 100.1.1.1/24, Area 0.0.0.0 Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type broadcast, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1 (local), Interface address 100.1.1.1 Backup Designated router (ID) , Interface address 0.0.0.0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
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Ejemplo
OS10# show ip ospf 1 statistics interface tunnel 10 Interface tunnel10 Receive Statistics rx-invalid 0 rx-invalid-bytes 0 rx-hello 0 rx-hello-bytes 0 rx-db-des 0 rx-db-des-bytes 0 rx-ls-req 0 rx-ls-req-bytes 0 rx-ls-upd 0 rx-ls-upd-bytes 0 rx-ls-ack 0 rx-ls-ack-bytes 0 Transmit Statistics tx-failed 0 tx-failed-bytes 0 tx-hello 52 tx-hello-bytes 3328 tx-db-des 0 tx-db-des-bytes 0 tx-ls-req 0 tx-ls-req-bytes 0 tx-ls-upd 0 tx-ls-upd-bytes 0 tx-ls-ack 0 tx-ls-ack-bytes 0 Error packets (Receive statistics) bad-src 0 dupe-id 0 hello-err 0 mtu-mismatch 0 nbr-ignored 0 wrong-proto 0 resource-err 0 bad-lsa-len 0 lsa-bad-type 0 lsa-bad-len 0 lsa-bad-cksum 0 auth-fail 0 netmask-mismatch 0 hello-tmr-mismatch 0 dead-ivlmismatch 0 options-mismatch 0 nbr-admin-down 0 own-hellodrop 0 self-orig 0 wrong-length 0 checksumerror 0 version-mismatch 0 area-mismatch 0
Additional Information
Affected Products
SmartFabric OS10 SoftwareArticle Properties
Article Number: 000228691
Article Type: How To
Last Modified: 03 Oct 2025
Version: 2
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