Dell Networking OS10 — Introdução à configuração do GRE
Summary: GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation, encapsulamento de roteamento genérico) é um protocolo de encapsulamento IP usado para estabelecer uma conexão ponto a ponto virtual entre dois roteadores em uma rede. É comumente usado para encapsular protocolos de roteamento como RIP e OSPF entre diferentes locais. O GRE é descrito em Request for Comments (RFC 2784. ...
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Instructions
Principais tópicos abordados
Configuração de túneis GRE:
- Os túneis GRE são configurados entre dois roteadores para enviar e receber pacotes GRE diretamente.
- A configuração envolve a configuração de interfaces de túnel, especificando o modo de túnel, a origem e o destino.
Restrições e limitações:
- Um máximo de 100 túneis suportados
- O IPv6 não é compatível com caminhos de subjacência e sobreposição.
- Determinadas interfaces e endereços IP têm restrições quando usados com túneis GRE.
Configurações de manutenção de manutenção de túnel:
- Definindo as configurações de keepalive para monitorar a acessibilidade do endpoint de túnel usando pacotes de eco e resposta do ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
Sobreposição e subjacência de múltiplos caminhos de custo igual (ECMP):
- Compartilhamento de carga ECMP para distribuir o tráfego entre rotas disponíveis
- Combinações compatíveis para rotas ECMP de sobreposição e subjacência.
Comandos e exemplos:
- Sintaxe detalhada do comando e exemplos para definir túneis GRE, configurações de keepalive e rotas ECMP
Possíveis problemas com a configuração incorreta
Oscilação do túnel:
- Configurações incorretas de keepalive podem fazer com que o túnel suba e desça com frequência, levando à instabilidade.
Disparidade de MTU:
- Túneis GRE em caminhos com diferentes configurações de MTU podem causar fragmentação ou perda de pacotes.
Loops de roteamento:
- O roteamento mal configurado pode causar loops, causando tráfego excessivo e possíveis interrupções de rede.
Práticas recomendadas
Configurações de MTU consistentes:
- Certifique-se de que as configurações de MTU sejam consistentes em todo o túnel GRE para evitar a fragmentação.
Configuração adequada de keepalive:
- Defina as configurações de keepalive para monitorar a integridade do túnel e evitar oscilações desnecessárias.
Limpar documentação:
- Mantenha uma documentação clara das configurações de túnel e rotas associadas para evitar configurações incorretas.
Casos de uso para túneis GRE.
Conectando locais remotos:
- Os túneis GRE podem conectar locais remotos pela Internet, permitindo uma comunicação segura e eficiente.
Tunelamento de tráfego não IP:
- O GRE pode encapsular tráfego não IP, tornando-o versátil para vários protocolos de rede.
Balanceamento de carga:
- O uso de ECMP com túneis GRE pode distribuir a carga de tráfego por vários caminhos, melhorando o desempenho da rede.
Exemplo de topologia de rede
Imagine uma rede com dois sites remotos, Site A e Site B, conectados pela Internet. Cada local tem um roteador com um túnel GRE configurado entre eles.
A topologia seria semelhante a esta:
Local A (10.10.10.0/24) ---- OS10-1 ---- Internet ---- OS10-2 ---- Local B (10.20.10.0/24)
OS10(config)# interface tunnel 10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:55:16.614662+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IFM_ASTATE_UP: Interface admin state up :tunnel10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip vrf forwarding red % Error: Interface tunnel10, Tunnel mode is mandatory config and must exist for other tunnel configs. OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# mode gre-ipv4 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip vrf forwarding red OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# ip address 120.1.1.1/24 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:55:31.454972+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IP_ADDRESS_ADD: IP Address add is successful. IP 120.1.1.1/24 in VRF:red added successfully OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# tunnel destination 16.16.16.16 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# tunnel source loopback10 OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# <165>1 2022-11-11T17:56:17.197783+00:00 OS10 dn_alm 731 - - Node.1-Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %IFM_OSTATE_UP: Interface operational state is up :tunnel10
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-10)# show configuration ! interface tunnel10 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip vrf forwarding red ip address 120.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 10.10.10.10 tunnel source loopback10 keepalive down-timer 10 keepalive enable keepalive probe-interval 6 keepalive up-timer 12
| Rotas ECMP subjacentes | Sobrepor rotas ECMP | Compatíveis |
|---|---|---|
| Estática | Estática | Sim |
| Estática | OSPF | Sim |
| Estática | BGP | Sim |
| OSPF | Estática | Sim |
| OSPF | OSPF | Não |
| OSPF | BGP | Sim |
| BGP | Estática | Sim |
| BGP | OSPF | Sim |
| BGP | BGP | Não |
OS10(config)# hardware overlay-ecmp-profile mode balanced-overlay-ecmp OS10(config)# <165>1 2022-10-11T10:25:26.474891+00:00 AG1-9978 dn_alm 717 - - Node.1- Unit.1:PRI [event], Dell (OS10) %VXLAN_OVERLAY_ECMP_PROFILE_MODIFIED: VxLAN Overlay ECMP: Configuration is modified, Save and Reload the device for the profile to be effect
OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 21 ! interface tunnel21 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.2/24 tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 tunnel source loopback3 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 22 ! interface tunnel22 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.3/24 tunnel destination 6.6.6.6 tunnel source loopback4 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 23 ! interface tunnel23 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.4/24 tunnel destination 7.7.7.7 tunnel source loopback5 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 24 ! interface tunnel24 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 10.10.10.5/24 tunnel destination 8.8.8.8 tunnel source loopback6 OS10# show running-configuration route ! ip route 77.1.1.0/24 100.1.1.2 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.2 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.3 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.4 ip route 77.1.1.0/24 10.10.10.5 OS10# show ip route 10.1.1.0/24 Routing entry for 77.1.1.0/24 Known via static Distance 1, Metric 0 Last update 08:57:53 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 100.1.1.2 tunnel10 via 10.10.10.2 tunnel21 via 10.10.10.3 tunnel22 via 10.10.10.4 tunnel23 via 10.10.10.5 tunnel24
OS10# show ip route 67.67.67.0/24 Routing entry for 67.67.67.0/24 Known via ospf, type Distance 110, Metric 21 Last update 09:35:46 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 10.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:1 via 12.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:2 via 23.2.2.2 vlan2 via 23.2.3.2 vlan3 via 23.2.4.2 vlan4 via 23.2.5.2 vlan5 via 23.2.6.2 vlan6 via 23.2.7.2 vlan7 via 23.2.8.2 vlan8 via 23.2.9.2 vlan9 OS10# show ip route 68.68.68.0/24 Routing entry for 68.68.68.0/24 Known via ospf, type Distance 110, Metric 21 Last update 09:36:35 Routing descriptors Blocks: via 10.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:1 via 12.1.1.2 ethernet1/1/25:2 via 23.2.2.2 vlan2 via 23.2.3.2 vlan3 via 23.2.4.2 vlan4 via 23.2.5.2 vlan5 via 23.2.6.2 vlan6 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 2 ! interface vlan2 no shutdown ip address 23.2.2.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 3 ! interface vlan3 no shutdown ip address 23.2.3.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface vlan 4 ! interface vlan4 no shutdown ip address 23.2.4.1/24 ip ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 21 ! interface tunnel21 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 131.131.131.1/24 tunnel destination 67.67.67.67 tunnel source loopback3 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 22 ! interface tunnel22 mode gre-ipv4 no shutdown ip address 132.132.132.1/24 tunnel destination 68.68.68.68 tunnel source loopback4
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Exemplo
OS10# clear counters interface tunnel 10
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Exemplo
OS10(config)# interface tunnel 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-40)# ip address 10.1.1.1/24
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Exemplo
OS10(conf)# ip route 1.1.1.0/24 interface tunnel 10 OS10(conf)# ip route 2.2.2.0/24 3.3.3.3 interface tunnel 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-4)# ip vrf forwarding Vrf_red
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive down-timer 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive enable
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive probe-interval 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# keepalive up-timer 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# mode gre-ipv4
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-40)# tunnel destination 10.10.10.10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-4)# tunnel source vlan 10
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Exemplo
OS10(conf-if-tunnel-1)# tunnel ttl 220
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Exemplo
OS10# show interface tunnel 10 Tunnel 10 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Tunnel Tunnel mode GREv4 Tunnel source IP 2.2.2.2, Tunnel source Intf loopback1 Tunnel destination 7.7.7.7 Tunnel TTL 255 Tunnel keepalive enabled Keepalive probe interval 10, Up timer 5, Down timer 5 Interface index is 45 Internet address is 10.1.1.1/24 Mode of IPv4 Address Assignment: MANUAL Interface IPv6 oper status: Enabled ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout: 60 Last clearing of "show interface" counters: 00:11:22 Queuing strategy: fifo Input statistics: 0 packets, octets Output statistics: 0 packets, octets Time since last interface status change: 00:27:11
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Exemplo
OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel ! interface tunnel10 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 100.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 3.3.3.3 tunnel source 1.1.1.1 ! interface tunnel20 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 101.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 tunnel source 6.6.6.6 OS10# show running-configuration interface tunnel 10 ! interface tunnel10 no shutdown mode gre-ipv4 ip address 100.1.1.1/24 tunnel destination 3.3.3.3 tunnel source 1.1.1.1
Exemplo
OS10# show tunnel Name Mode Source-IP Destination-IP SrcIntf TTL VRF Status Protocol ================================================================================================= Tunnel 1 GREv4 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6 Loopback 2 255 default up up Tunnel 2 GREv4 2.2.2.2 7.7.7.7 Loopback 123 255 default up up Tunnel 3 GREv4 3.3.3.3 8.8.8.8 Loopback 100 255 default up up OS10# show tunnel 10 Name Mode Source-IP Destination-IP SrcIntf TTL VRF Status Protocol ================================================================================================= Tunnel 10 GREv4 1.1.1.1 7.6.6.6 Loopback 2 255 default up up
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Exemplo
OS10# show ip int gig 1/3 GigabitEthernet 1/3 is up, line protocol is down Internet address is 10.11.0.1/24 Broadcast address is 10.11.0.255 Address determined by user input IP MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
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Exemplo
OS10# show ip route Codes: C - connected S - static B - BGP, IN - internal BGP, EX - external BGP, EV - EVPN BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, * - candidate default, + - summary route, > - non-active route Gateway of last resort is not set Destination Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change -------------------------------------------------------------------- C 1.1.1.0/24 via 1.1.1.1 ethernet1/1/1:1 0/0 01:32:53 C 10.1.1.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 loopback1 0/0 00:00:06 C 2.2.2.0/24 via 2.1.1.1.1 Tunnel 1 0/0 00:00:15 OS10# show ip route static Codes: C - connected S - static B - BGP, IN - internal BGP, EX - external BGP, EV - EVPN BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, * - candidate default, + - summary route, > - non-active route Gateway of last resort is not set Destination Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C 1.1.1.0/24 via 1.1.1.1 ethernet1/1/1:1 0/0 01:32:53 C 10.1.1.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 loopback1 0/0 00:00:06 S 80.1.10.0/24 via 100.1.1.1 tunnel10 1/0 00:02:33
OS10# show ip ospf interface tunnel 10 tunnel10 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 100.1.1.1/24, Area 0.0.0.0 Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type broadcast, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1 (local), Interface address 100.1.1.1 Backup Designated router (ID) , Interface address 0.0.0.0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 OS10# show ip ospf 1 interface tunnel 10 tunnel10 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 100.1.1.1/24, Area 0.0.0.0 Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type broadcast, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1 (local), Interface address 100.1.1.1 Backup Designated router (ID) , Interface address 0.0.0.0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
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Exemplo
OS10# show ip ospf 1 statistics interface tunnel 10 Interface tunnel10 Receive Statistics rx-invalid 0 rx-invalid-bytes 0 rx-hello 0 rx-hello-bytes 0 rx-db-des 0 rx-db-des-bytes 0 rx-ls-req 0 rx-ls-req-bytes 0 rx-ls-upd 0 rx-ls-upd-bytes 0 rx-ls-ack 0 rx-ls-ack-bytes 0 Transmit Statistics tx-failed 0 tx-failed-bytes 0 tx-hello 52 tx-hello-bytes 3328 tx-db-des 0 tx-db-des-bytes 0 tx-ls-req 0 tx-ls-req-bytes 0 tx-ls-upd 0 tx-ls-upd-bytes 0 tx-ls-ack 0 tx-ls-ack-bytes 0 Error packets (Receive statistics) bad-src 0 dupe-id 0 hello-err 0 mtu-mismatch 0 nbr-ignored 0 wrong-proto 0 resource-err 0 bad-lsa-len 0 lsa-bad-type 0 lsa-bad-len 0 lsa-bad-cksum 0 auth-fail 0 netmask-mismatch 0 hello-tmr-mismatch 0 dead-ivlmismatch 0 options-mismatch 0 nbr-admin-down 0 own-hellodrop 0 self-orig 0 wrong-length 0 checksumerror 0 version-mismatch 0 area-mismatch 0
Additional Information
Affected Products
SmartFabric OS10 SoftwareArticle Properties
Article Number: 000228691
Article Type: How To
Last Modified: 03 Oct 2025
Version: 2
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