PowerEdge: Automating Operating System Deployment to Dell BOSS - Techniques for Different Operating Systems

The Dell Boot Optimized Storage Solution (BOSS) device is a discrete PCIe card that supports two M.2 SSD drives, defaulting to a RAID 1 configuration. It is designed to be the operating system boot drive, freeing up all other drives for use as either cache or data storage devices. It is a simple way to ensure that the main drive bays can be fully used for more important tasks than operating-system booting.

However, because the BOSS card is subject to normal device enumeration, it is possible that a different boot device shows up as the first device in the BIOS boot order. This can cause problems when deploying the operating system in a programmatic way.

The following information shows how to tag or identify the Dell BOSS card in order to ensure that the operating system is installed on it. Searching for and using the "friendly name" - for example, DELLBOSS VD - is the proper way to ensure that the operating system is installed to the BOSS. Each operating system can find and use the BOSS card with the various methods detailed in this article.

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BOSS device identification in Linux operating system

BOSS devices contain the string DELLBOSS in the device’s Model property. This can be used to identify it, as seen in this example:

# cat /proc/scsi/scsi

Attached devices:

Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00

  Vendor: ATA      Model: DELLBOSS VD      Rev: MV.R

  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 05

Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00

  Vendor: Marvell  Model: Console          Rev: 1.01

  Type:   Processor                        ANSI  SCSI revision: 05

Linux-based operating systems use udev to create symbolic links in /dev/disk/by-id/ that can be used to locate a BOSS device as shown below:

# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 Jan 13 15:02 ata-DELLBOSS_VD_6668c813b78a0010 -> ../../sda

This property can be used in automated-installation scripts to detect the presence of a BOSS card and instruct the installer to use it for installation.
 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives (CentOS, Scientific Linux, Fedora) Interactive Install

While performing an interactive installation, the user has the opportunity to choose the BOSS device as the primary install or boot device. The BOSS device shows up as ATA DELLBOSS VD, as shown in the diagram below. Choosing the ATA DELLBOSS VD device ensures that the installer places the operating system files on the BOSS device while leaving the other drives intact.
 
Figure 1: Installation Destination

Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives Automated Install

For automated (kickstart) installation, a preinstall script can be used to ensure that the installer places the operating system on the correct drive. The following script identifies the BOSS device by searching for devices with the model field containing DELLBOSS. It instructs the installer to use the device exclusively, ignoring all other storage devices available to the installer.

ks.cfg:

%include /tmp/bootdisk.cfg

%pre

# Use DELLBOSS device for OS install if present.

BOSS_DEV=$(find /dev -name "*DELLBOSS*" -printf %P"\n" | \

                egrep -v -e part -e scsi| head -1)

if [ -n "$BOSS_DEV" ]; then

        echo ignoredisk --only-use="$BOSS_DEV" > /tmp/bootdisk.cfg

fi

%end

Here is a sample /tmp/bootdisk.cfg that contains the device name of the BOSS device that the installer should use.
 

# cat /tmp/bootdisk.cfg

ignoredisk --only-use=disk/by-id/ata-DELLBOSS_VD_6668c813b78a0010

SUSE and derivatives Interactive Install

Interactive installs of SUSE-based operating systems do not list the labels of devices, only their device names. As a result, the user must switch to a text console to get the device name of the BOSS device.

 
Figure 2: Suggested Partition.

In the Suggested Partitioning screen, choose Guided Setup.

 
Figure 3: Hard Drive Selection

Switch to a console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2. At the command prompt, enter the following command to display the SCSI device name of the BOSS device that should be used for installation.

# lsscsi| grep DELLBOSS
# chvt 7

 
Figure 4: lsscsi output

In the Select Hard Disk screen, select the SCSI device name from the lsscsi command output above, ensuring that all other devices are not selected.

Proceed with the installation. This ensures that the operating system is installed on the BOSS device.
 

SUSE and derivatives Automated Install

1. For automated installs, the following can be added to autoyast.xml:

##Sample pre-script section in the autoyast file to extract the device name for BOSS device.

<pre-scripts config:type="list">

   <script>

       <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>

       <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>

       <filename>pre.sh</filename>

       <interpreter>shell</interpreter>

       <source><![CDATA[

# Use DELLBOSS device for OS install if present.

DEV=$(find /dev -name "*DELLBOSS*" | egrep -v -e part -e scsi| head -1)

if [ -n "$DEV" ]; then

                BOSS_DEV=$(basename $(readlink $DEV))

                sed -e "s/@ROOT_DEVICE@/$BOSS_DEV/" /tmp/profile/autoinst.xml >/tmp/profile/modified.xml

                cp /tmp/profile/modified.xml /tmp/profile/autoinst.xml

fi

         ]]> </source>

    </script>

   </pre-scripts>



###Sample autoyast partitioning section with ROOT device variable that needs to be replaced by the BOSS device found in the pre-script section above.

  <partitioning config:type="list">

     <drive>

      <device>/dev/@ROOT_DEVICE@</device>

      <disklabel>gpt</disklabel>

      <enable_snapshots config:type="boolean">true</enable_snapshots>

      <initialize config:type="boolean">true</initialize>

      <partitions config:type="list">

        <partition>

          <create config:type="boolean">true</create>

          <crypt_fs config:type="boolean">false</crypt_fs>

          <filesystem config:type="symbol">vfat</filesystem>

          <format config:type="boolean">true</format>

          <fstopt>umask=0002,utf8=true</fstopt>

          <loop_fs config:type="boolean">false</loop_fs>

          <mount>/boot/efi</mount>

          <mountby config:type="symbol">uuid</mountby>

          <partition_id config:type="integer">259</partition_id>

          <partition_nr config:type="integer">1</partition_nr>

          <resize config:type="boolean">false</resize>

          <size>155352576</size>

        </partition>

      </partitions>

    </drive>

  </partitioning>

Ubuntu Interactive Install

 
Figure 5: Disk Partition Method

 

Figure 6: Disk Partition

 

Ubuntu Automated Install

ks.cfg:

%include /tmp/bootdisk.cfg

%pre

# Use DELLBOSS device for OS install if present.

BOSS_DEV=$(readlink -f $(find /dev -name "*DELLBOSS*" | \

                egrep -v -e part -e scsi| head -1))

if [ -n "$BOSS_DEV" ]; then

        echo ignoredisk --only-use="$BOSS_DEV" > /tmp/bootdisk.cfg

fi

%end

VMware ESXi Interactive Install

 
Figure 7: ESXi Installer

 

VMware ESXi Automated Install

For ESXi, it is a little different; the installer can detect the BOSS drive, so the kickstart script is only one line.

install --overwritevmfs --firstdisk="DELLBOSS VD"

Microsoft Windows Interactive Install

Ensuring the operating system is installed to the BOSS card can be challenging in a server with many disks. In this example, the BOSS card is Disk 6, but this is not immediately apparent in Disk Management. (Note: The operating system has already been fully installed in this screenshot.) The BOSS card is not identified at the top level but can be identified by right-clicking Disk 6 and selecting Properties.
 

 
Figure 8: Disk Management
 

 
Figure 9: Dell BOSS Properties View
 

In addition, the standard Windows installation process using WinPE creates some challenges. PowerShell is not available in WinPE by default (though it can be added), and only specific tools are available to use to identify the BOSS card. There is no identifier for the BOSS card in the standard installation screens, as shown in the screenshots below. 

Knowing the size of the BOSS card is useful in targeting the installation to the card. To be certain, bring up a command prompt window in WinPE using Shift-F10.

In the following screenshots, Disk 6 cannot be explicitly identified as the BOSS card. This example has six drives, but some servers have many more.

 
Figure 10: Windows Disk Selection


 
Figure 11: Windows Disk Selection
 

 
Figure 12: Windows Disk Selection
 

The command-line interface provides a solution. To open a command prompt, press Shift-F10 in WinPE at any time during the installation of Windows.

1. DiskPart: The only issue with DiskPart is the requirement to select a disk before running detail disk, as shown below. This requires guessing which disk to select. Again, knowing the BOSS M.2 device's size is important. Selecting the right drive presents DELLBOSS VD:

 
Figure 13: Diskpart


2. There are multiple ways to identify the BOSS card using PowerShell. However, PowerShell is not available in WinPE by default, so is not useful unless it has been added or the operating system has been fully installed.

 
Figure 14: PowerShell Not Available in WinPE 


3. The Windows Management Instrumentation command-line interface (WMIC) can help us choose the Dell BOSS device with certainty. WMIC is available in the full operating system and WinPE.


Use the following commands to identify the BOSS card:
 

WMIC
Diskdrive get model, name

Figure 15: WMIC Output

Using WMIC, you can tie the hard drive location to the name DELLBOSS VD. (See PHYSICALDRIVE6 above.)

Microsoft Windows Automated Install

Once the physical location is known using either of the above methods (DiskPart or WMIC), the following can be used in a script:
 

Diskpart

SELECT DISK=<disk location path> command to select each drive.

For example:

SELECT DISK=PCIROOT(0)#PCI(0100)#ATA(C00T00L00)

In the server example above, the command would be: 

SELECT DISK=PCIROOT(3A)#PCI(0000)#PCI(0000)#ATA(C00T00L00)

Below is a simple example for formatting a drive.

Note: A true operating system installation script is more complicated in order to accommodate all the standard partitions created during Windows installation. See this page for more information.

Create a text file (diskpart.txt), using the path as shown above:
 

SELECT DISK=PCIROOT(3A)#PCI(0000)#PCI(0000)#ATA(C00T00L00)
CLEAN
CREATE PART PRI
SELECT PART 1
ACTIVE
ASSIGN
FORMAT FS=NTFS QUICK
EXIT

Create the operating system installation script or batch file and add the line below:

DISKPART /s diskpart.txt

Alternative methods: Identifying the BOSS card using Powershell, WMI, and the registry.

PowerShell

In Windows, PowerShell can display the "friendly name" (DELLBOSS VD) using the Get-Disk or Get-PhysicalDisk command, as shown below. This example shows that the BOSS card is not always enumerated as disk 0. It is shown as disk 12 here:


Figure 16: Powershell Get-Disk Output
 

Figure 17: Powershell Get-PhysicalDisk Output
 

 
Figure 18: Powershell Get-PhysicalDisk Filtered Output

WMI Hierarchy

This is far from the most straightforward method, but you can use the WbemTest tool to identify the BOSS card by traversing the WMI hierarchy.

1. Launch the tool by typing wbemtest at a command prompt.
2. Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace.
3. Click Enum Classes, select Recursive, and click OK to open the list of classes.
4. Double-click Win32_DiskDrive, then click Instances to list all drives in the system
5. Double-click each listed device in turn and check its Caption property.

 
Figure 19: WBEMTEST Application Screen


Powershell

The Get-WmiObject cmdlet provides a simpler way of displaying the same information:

 
Figure 20: Powershell Get-WmiObject Output

Registry Path

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port #\Scsi Bus #\Target Id #\Logical Unit Id #\Identifier

 
Figure 21: Windows Registry
 

RACADM Commands for out-of-band identification and installation

Dell Support creates a live ISO image containing racadm and other necessary tools. Customers can use this ISO to boot to Linux and perform the racadm tasks. Click here for more information.

Below are some snippets from a script used to deploy to BOSS using RACADM commands:

# Identify

##Get the list of all AHCI controllers and grab the BOSS controller.

racadm storage get controllers | grep -i ahci > /tmp/all_ctrls.txt

for ctrl in `cat /tmp/all_ctrls.txt`;do if [[ `racadm storage get controllers:$ctrl -p Name | grep -i boss` ]];then boss_ctrl=$ctrl;fi;done


# Configure RAID

##BOSS SSD drives are of form factor M.2. Capture the m.2 for factor physical disks

racadm storage get pdisks > /tmp/all_disks.txt

racadm storage get pdisks:$disk -p FormFactor | grep -i 'm.2'

##Create a VD (raid 1) on the two BOSS PDs

racadm storage createvd:$boss_ctrl -rl r1 -name boss_ssd -pdkey:${boss_disks[0]},${boss_disks[1]}


# Change boot order in bios to boot from.

racadm set BIOS.BootSettings.HddSeq <AHCI controller> && /opt/dell/srvadmin/sbin/racadm set BIOS.BootSettings.HddFailover Enabled

References

Dell PowerEdge Boot Optimized Storage Solution - BOSS
Kickstart Command Ignoredisk
Windows Hard Drives and Partitions